This is the version of SNMP to use. See bsnmplib(3) for applicable values. The default version is SNMP_V2c.
trans
If this is SNMP_TRANS_LOC_DGRAM a local datagram socket is used. If it is SNMP_TRANS_LOC_STREAM a local stream socket is used. For SNMP_TRANS_UDP a UDP socket is created. It uses the chost field as the path to the server’s socket for local sockets.
cport
The SNMP agent’s UDP port number. This may be a symbolic port number (from /etc/services or a numeric port number. If this field is NULL (the default) the standard SNMP port is used. This field should not be changed directly but rather by calling snmp_client_set_port.
chost
The SNMP agent’s host name, IP address or Unix domain socket path name. If this is NULL (the default) localhost is assumed. This field should not be changed directly but rather through calling snmp_client_set_host.
read_community
This is the community name to be used for all requests except SET requests. The default is 'public'.
write_community
The community name to be used for SET requests. The default is 'private'.
timeout
The maximum time to wait for responses to requests. If the time elapses, the request is resent up to retries times. The default is 3 seconds.
retries
Number of times a request PDU is to be resent. If set to 0, the request is sent only once. The default is 3 retransmissions.
dump_pdus
If set to a non-zero value all received and sent PDUs are dumped via snmp_pdu_dump(3). The default is not to dump PDUs.
txbuflen
The encoding buffer size to be allocated for transmitted PDUs. The default is 10000 octets.
rxbuflen
The decoding buffer size to be allocated for received PDUs. This is the size of the maximum PDU that can be received. The default is 10000 octets.
fd
After calling snmp_open this is the file socket file descriptor used for sending and receiving PDUs.
next_reqid
The request id of the next PDU to send. Used internal by the library.
max_reqid
The maximum request id to use for outging PDUs. The default is INT32_MAX.
min_reqid
The minimum request id to use for outgoing PDUs. Request ids are allocated linerily starting at min_reqid up to max_reqid.
error
If an error happens, this field is set to a printable string describing the error.
timeout_start
This field must point to a function setting up a one shot timeout. After the timeout has elapsed, the given callback function must be called with the user argument. The timeout_start function must return a .Vt void * identifying the timeout.
timeout_stop
This field must be set to a function that stops a running timeout. The function will be called with the return value of the corresponding timeout_start function.
local_path
If in local socket mode, the name of the clients socket. Not needed by the application.
In the current implementation there is a global variable
that is used by all the library functions. The first call into the library must be a call to snmp_client_init to initialize this global variable to the default values. After this call and before calling snmp_open the fields of the variable may be modified by the user. The modification of the chost and cport fields should be done only via the functions snmp_client_set_host and snmp_client_set_port.
The function snmp_open creates a UDP or Unix domain socket and connects it to the agent’s IP address and port. If any of the arguments of the call is not NULL the corresponding field in the global snmp_client is set from the argument. Otherwise the values that are already in that variable are used. The function snmp_close closes the socket, stops all timeouts and frees all dynamically allocated resources.
The next three functions are used to create request PDUs. The function snmp_pdu_create initializes a PDU of type op. It does not allocate space for the PDU itself. This is the responsibility of the caller. snmp_add_binding adds bindings to the PDU and returns the (zero based) index of the first new binding. The arguments are pairs of pointer to the OIDs and syntax constants, terminated by a NULL. The call
snmp_add_binding(&pdu,
&oid1, SNMP_SYNTAX_INTEGER,
&oid2, SNMP_SYNTAX_OCTETSTRING,
NULL);
adds two new bindings to the PDU and returns the index of the first one. It is the responsibility of the caller to set the value part of the binding if neccesary. The functions returns -1 if the maximum number of bindings is exhausted. The function snmp_oid_append can be used to construct variable OIDs for requests. It takes a pointer to an .Vt struct asn_oid that is to be constructed, a format string, and a number of arguments the type of which depends on the format string. The format string is interpreted character by character in the following way:
i
This format expects an argument of type .Vt asn_subid_t and appends this as a single integer to the OID.
a
This format expects an argument of type .Vt struct in_addr and appends to four parts of the IP address to the OID.
s
This format expects an argument of type .Vt const char * and appends the length of the string (as computed by strlen(3)) and each of the characters in the string to the OID.
( N)
This format expects no argument. N must be a decimal number and is stored into an internal variable size.
b
This format expects an argument of type .Vt const char * and appends size characters from the string to the OID. The string may contain NUL characters.
c
This format expects two arguments: one of type .Vt size_t and one of type .Vt const u_char * . The first argument gives the number of bytes to append to the OID from the string pointed to by the second argument.
The function snmp_pdu_check may be used to check a response PDU. A number of checks are performed (error code, equal number of bindings, syntaxes and values for SET PDUs). The function returns +1 if everything is ok, 0 if a NOSUCHNAME or similar error was detected, -1 if the response PDU had fatal errors and -2 if resp is NULL (a timeout occured).
The function snmp_pdu_send encodes and sends the given PDU. It records the PDU together with the callback and user pointers in an internal list and arranges for retransmission if no response is received. When a response is received or the retransmission count is exceeded the callback func is called with the orignal request PDU, the response PDU and the user argument uarg. If the retransmit count is exceeded, func is called with the original request PDU, the reponse pointer set to NULL and the user argument uarg. The caller should not free the request PDU until the callback function is called. The callback function must free the request PDU and the response PDU (if not NULL ).
The function snmp_receive tries to receive a PDU. If the argument is zero, the function polls to see whether a packet is available, if the argument is non-zero, the function blocks until the next packet is received. The packet is delivered via the usual callback mechanism (non-response packets are silently dropped). The function returns 0, if a packet was received and successfully dispatched, -1 if an error occured or no packet was available (in polling mode).
The next two functions are used to retrieve tables from SNMP agents. The use the following input structure, that describes the table:
struct snmp_table {
struct asn_oidtable;
struct asn_oidlast_change;
u_int max_iter;
size_t entry_size;
u_int index_size;
u_int64_treq_mask;
The fields of this structure have the following meaning:
table
This is the base OID of the table.
last_change
Some tables have a scalar variable of type TIMETICKS attached to them, that holds the time when the table was last changed. This OID should be the OID of this variable (without the .0 index). When the table is retrieved with multiple GET requests, and the variable changes between two request, the table fetch is restarted.
max_iter
Maximum number of tries to fetch the table.
entry_size
The table fetching routines return a list of structure one for each table row. This variable is the size of one structure and used to malloc(3) the structure.
index_size
This is the number of index columns in the table.
req_mask
This is a bit mask with a 1 for each table column that is required. Bit 0 corresponds to the first element (index 0) in the array entries, bit 1 to the second (index 1) and so on. SNMP tables may be sparse. For sparse columns the bit should not be set. If the bit for a given column is set and the column value cannot be retrieved for a given row, the table fetch is restarted assuming that the table is currently beeing modified by the agent. The bits for the index columns are ignored.
entries
This is a variable sized array of column descriptors. This array is terminated by an element with syntax SNMP_SYNTAX_NULL. The first index_size elements describe all the index columns of the table, the rest are normal columns. If for a the column at ‘entries[N]’ the expression ‘req_mask & (1 << N)’ yields true, the column is considered a required column. The fields of this the array elements have the following meaning:
subid
This is the OID subid of the column. This is ignored for index entries. Index entries are decoded according to the syntax field.
syntax
This is the syntax of the column or index. A syntax of SNMP_SYNTAX_NULL terminates the array.
offset
This is the starting offset of the value of the column in the return structures. This field can be set with the ISO-C offsetof macro.
Both table fetching functions return TAILQ (see queue(3)) of structures--one for each table row. These structures must start with a TAILQ_ENTRY and a .Vt u_int64_t and are allocated via malloc(3). The list argument of the table functions must point to a TAILQ_HEAD. The .Vt u_int64_t fields, usually called found is used to indicate which of the columns have been found for the given row. It is encoded like the req_mask field.
The function snmp_table_fetch synchronuosly fetches the given table. If everything is ok 0 is returned. Otherwise the function returns -1 and sets an appropriate error string. The function snmp_table_fetch_async fetches the tables asynchronuosly. If either the entire table is fetch, or an error occures the callback function callback is called with the callers arguments list and uarg and a parameter that is either 0 if the table was fetched, or -1 if there was an error. The function itself returns -1 if it could not initialize fetching of the table.
The following table description is used to fetch the ATM interface table:
/*
* ATM interface table
*/
struct atmif {
TAILQ_ENTRY(atmif) link;
u_int64_t found;
int32_t index;
u_char*ifname;
size_tifnamelen;
u_int32_t node_id;
u_int32_t pcr;
int32_t media;
u_int32_t vpi_bits;
u_int32_t vci_bits;
u_int32_t max_vpcs;
u_int32_t max_vccs;
u_char*esi;
size_tesilen;
int32_t carrier;
};
TAILQ_HEAD(atmif_list, atmif);
/* list of all ATM interfaces */
struct atmif_list atmif_list;
The function snmp_dialog is used to execute a synchonuous dialog with the agent. The request PDU req is sent and the function blocks until the response PDU is received. Note, that asynchonuous receives are handled (i.e. callback functions of other send calls or table fetches may be called while in the function). The response PDU is returned in resp. If no reponse could be received after all timeouts and retries, the function returns -1. If a response was received 0 is returned.
The function snmp_parse_server is used to parse an SNMP server specification string and fill in the fields of a .Vt struct snmp_client . The syntax of a server specification is
where trans is the transport name (one of udp, stream or dgram), community is the string to be used for both the read and the write community, server is the server’s host name in case of UDP and the path name in case of a local socket, and port is the port in case of UDP transport. The function returns 0 in the case of success and return -1 and sets the error string in case of an error.
