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GROFF_CHAR (7) | Miscellanea | Unix Manual Pages | :man▋
NAME
groff_char - groff glyph names
CONTENTS
Description
Reference
DESCRIPTION
This manual page lists the standard groff glyph names and the default input mapping, latin-1. The glyphs in this document will look different depending on which output device was chosen (with option -T for the man(1) program or the roff formatter). Glyphs not available for the device that is being used to print or view this manual page will be marked with ‘(N/A)’. In the actual version, groff provides only 8-bit characters for direct input and named entities for further glyphs. On ASCII platforms, input character codes in the range 0 to 127 (decimal) represent the usual 7-bit ASCII characters, while codes between 127 and 255 are interpreted as the corresponding characters in the Latin-1 ( ISO-8859-1) code set by default. This mapping is contained in the file latin1.tmac and can be changed by loading a different input encoding. Note that some of the input characters are reserved by groff, either for internal use or for special input purposes. On EBCDIC platforms, only code page cp1047 is supported (which contains the same characters as Latin-1; the input encoding file is called cp1047.tmac). Again, some input characters are reserved for internal and special purposes. It is rather straightforward (for the experienced user) to set up other 8-bit encodings like Latin-2; since groff will use Unicode in the next major version, no additional encodings are provided. All roff systems provide the concept of named glyphs. In traditional roff systems, only names of length 2 were used, while groff also provides support for longer names. It is strongly suggested that only named glyphs are used for all character representations outside of the printable 7-bit ASCII range. Some of the predefined groff escape sequences (with names of length 1) also produce single characters; these exist for historical reasons or are printable versions of syntactical characters. They include ‘\\’, ‘\'’, ‘\‘’, ‘\-’, ‘\.’, and ‘\e’; see groff(7). In groff, all of these different types of characters and glyphs can be tested positively with the ‘.if c’ conditional.
REFERENCE
In this section, the glyphs in groff are specified in tabular form. The meaning of the columns is as follows. --> |
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| "Output" | | | shows how the glyph is printed for the current device; although this can have quite a different shape on other devices, it always represents the same glyph. | | "Input name" | | | specifies how the glyph is input either directly by a key on the keyboard, or by a groff escape sequence. | | "Input code" | | | applies to glyphs which can be input with a single character, and gives the ISO Latin-1 decimal code of that input character. Note that this code is equivalent to the lowest 256 Unicode characters, including 7-bit ASCII in the range 0 to 127. | | "PostScript name" | | | gives the usual PostScript name of the glyph. | | "Unicode decomposed" | | | is the glyph name used in composite glyph names. | |
"7-bit Character Codes 32-126"
These are the basic glyphs having 7-bit ASCII code values assigned. They are identical to the printable characters of the character standards ISO-8859-1 ( Latin-1) and Unicode (range "C0 Controls and Basic Latin"). The glyph names used in composite glyph names are ‘u0020’ up to ‘u007E’. Note that input characters in the range 0-31 and character 127 are not printable characters. Most of them are invalid input characters for groff anyway, and the valid ones have special meaning. For EBCDIC, the printable characters are in the range 66-255. --> |
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| 48-57 | Decimal digits 0 to 9 (print as themselves). | | 65-90 | Upper case letters A-Z (print as themselves). | | 97-122 | Lower case letters a-z (print as themselves). | | Most of the remaining characters not in the just described ranges print as themselves; the only exceptions are the following characters: | | ` | the ISO Latin-1 ‘Grave Accent’ (code 96) prints as ‘, a left single quotation mark; the original character can be obtained with ‘\‘’. | | ' | the ISO Latin-1 ‘Apostrophe’ (code 39) prints as ’, a right single quotation mark; the original character can be obtained with ‘\(aq’. | | - | the ISO Latin-1 ‘Hyphen, Minus Sign’ (code 45) prints as a hyphen; a minus sign can be obtained with ‘\-’. | | ~ | the ISO Latin-1 ‘Tilde’ (code 126) is reduced in size to be usable as a diacritic; a larger glyph can be obtained with ‘\(ti’. | | ^ | the ISO Latin-1 ‘Circumflex Accent’ (code 94) is reduced in size to be usable as a diacritic; a larger glyph can be obtained with ‘\(ha’. | |
"Output" "Input" "Input" "PostScript" "Unicode" "Notes"
"" "name" "code" "name" "decomposed" "" [char
] "33" "33" (N/A) "33" [char "33" "33" [char34]
[char34] 34 quotedbl (N/A) quotedbl "u0022" "" "" [char35]
[char35] 35 numbersign (N/A) numbersign "u0023" "" "" [char36]
[char36] 36 dollar (N/A) dollar "u0024" "" "" [char37]
[char37] 37 percent (N/A) percent "u0025" "" "" [char38]
[char38] 38 ampersand (N/A) ampersand "u0026" "" "" [char39]
[char39] 39 quoteright (N/A) quoteright "u0027" "" "" [char40]
[char40] 40 parenleft (N/A) parenleft "u0028" "" "" [char41]
[char41] 41 parenright (N/A) parenright "u0029" "" "" [char42]
[char42] 42 asterisk (N/A) asterisk "u002A" "" "" [char43]
[char43] 43 plus (N/A) plus "u002B" "" "" [char44]
[char44] 44 comma (N/A) comma "u002C" "" "" [char45]
[char45] 45 hyphen (N/A) hyphen "u2010" "" "" [char46]
[char46] 46 period (N/A) period "u002E" "" "" [char47]
[char47] 47 slash (N/A) slash "u002F" "" "" [char58]
[char58] 58 colon (N/A) colon "u003A" "" "" [char59]
[char59] 59 semicolon (N/A) semicolon "u003B" "" "" [char60]
[char60] 60 less (N/A) less "u003C" "" "" [char61]
[char61] 61 equal (N/A) equal "u003D" "" "" [char62]
[char62] 62 greater (N/A) greater "u003E" "" "" [char63]
[char63] 63 question (N/A) question "u003F" "" "" [char64]
[char64] 64 at (N/A) at "u0040" "" "" [char91]
[char91] 91 bracketleft (N/A) bracketleft "u005B" "" "" [char92]
[char92] 92 backslash (N/A) backslash "u005C" "" "" [char93]
[char93] 93 bracketright (N/A) bracketright "u005D" "" "" [char94]
[char94] 94 circumflex (N/A) circumflex "u005E" "" "" [char95]
[char95] 95 underscore (N/A) underscore "u005F" "" "" [char96]
[char96] 96 quoteleft (N/A) quoteleft "u0060" "" "" [char123]
[char123] 123 braceleft (N/A) braceleft "u007B" "" "" [char124]
[char124] 124 bar (N/A) bar "u007C" "" "" [char125]
[char125] 125 braceright (N/A) braceright "u007D" "" "" [char
] "126" "126" (N/A) "126" [char "126" "126"
"8-bit Character Codes 160 to 255"
They are interpreted as printable characters according to the Latin-1 (iso-8859-1) code set, being identical to the Unicode range "C1 Controls and Latin-1 Supplement". Input characters in range 128-159 (on non-EBCDIC hosts) are not printable characters. --> |
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| 160 | the ISO Latin-1 no-break space is mapped to ‘\~’, the stretchable space character. | | 173 | the soft hyphen control character. groff never uses this character for output (thus it is omitted in the table below); the input character 173 is mapped onto ‘\%’. | |
The remaining ranges ( 161-172, 174-255) are printable characters that print as themselves. Although they can be specified directly with the keyboard on systems with a Latin-1 code page, it is better to use their glyph names; see next section. "Output" "Input" "Input" "PostScript" "Unicode" "Notes"
"" "name" "code" "name" "decomposed" "" [char
] "161" "161" (N/A) "161" [char "161" "161" [char162]
[char162] 162 cent (N/A) cent "u00A2" "" "" [char163]
[char163] 163 sterling (N/A) sterling "u00A3" "" "" [char164]
[char164] 164 currency (N/A) currency "u00A4" "" "" [char165]
[char165] 165 yen (N/A) yen "u00A5" "" "" [char166]
[char166] 166 brokenbar (N/A) brokenbar "u00A6" "" "" [char167]
[char167] 167 section (N/A) section "u00A7" "" "" [char168]
[char168] 168 dieresis (N/A) dieresis "u00A8" "" "" [char169]
[char169] 169 copyright (N/A) copyright "u00A9" "" "" [char170]
[char170] 170 ordfeminine (N/A) ordfeminine "u00AA" "" "" [char171]
[char171] 171 guillemotleft (N/A) guillemotleft "u00AB" "" "" [char172]
[char172] 172 logicalnot (N/A) logicalnot "u00AC" "" "" [char174]
[char174] 174 registered (N/A) registered "u00AE" "" "" [char175]
[char175] 175 macron (N/A) macron "u00AF" "" "" [char176]
[char176] 176 degree (N/A) degree "u00B0" "" "" [char177]
[char177] 177 plusminus (N/A) plusminus "u00B1" "" "" [char178]
[char178] 178 twosuperior (N/A) twosuperior "u00B2" "" "" [char179]
[char179] 179 threesuperior (N/A) threesuperior "u00B3" "" "" [char180]
[char180] 180 acute (N/A) acute "u00B4" "" "" [char181]
[char181] 181 mu (N/A) mu "u00B5" "" "" [char182]
[char182] 182 paragraph (N/A) paragraph "u00B6" "" "" [char183]
[char183] 183 periodcentered (N/A) periodcentered "u00B7" "" "" [char184]
[char184] 184 cedilla (N/A) cedilla "u00B8" "" "" [char185]
[char185] 185 onesuperior (N/A) onesuperior "u00B9" "" "" [char186]
[char186] 186 ordmasculine (N/A) ordmasculine "u00BA" "" "" [char187]
[char187] 187 guillemotright (N/A) guillemotright "u00BB" "" "" [char188]
[char188] 188 onequarter (N/A) onequarter "u00BC" "" "" [char189]
[char189] 189 onehalf (N/A) onehalf "u00BD" "" "" [char190]
[char190] 190 threequarters (N/A) threequarters "u00BE" "" "" [char191]
[char191] 191 questiondown (N/A) questiondown "u00BF" "" "" [char192]
[char192] 192 Agrave (N/A) Agrave "u0041_0300" "" "" [char193]
[char193] 193 Aacute (N/A) Aacute "u0041_0301" "" "" [char194]
[char194] 194 Acircumflex (N/A) Acircumflex "u0041_0302" "" "" [char195]
[char195] 195 Atilde (N/A) Atilde "u0041_0303" "" "" [char196]
[char196] 196 Adieresis (N/A) Adieresis "u0041_0308" "" "" [char197]
[char197] 197 Aring (N/A) Aring "u0041_030A" "" "" [char198]
[char198] 198 AE (N/A) AE "u00C6" "" "" [char199]
[char199] 199 Ccedilla (N/A) Ccedilla "u0043_0327" "" "" [char200]
[char200] 200 Egrave (N/A) Egrave "u0045_0300" "" "" [char201]
[char201] 201 Eacute (N/A) Eacute "u0045_0301" "" "" [char202]
[char202] 202 Ecircumflex (N/A) Ecircumflex "u0045_0302" "" "" [char203]
[char203] 203 Edieresis (N/A) Edieresis "u0045_0308" "" "" [char204]
[char204] 204 Igrave (N/A) Igrave "u0049_0300" "" "" [char205]
[char205] 205 Iacute (N/A) Iacute "u0049_0301" "" "" [char206]
[char206] 206 Icircumflex (N/A) Icircumflex "u0049_0302" "" "" [char207]
[char207] 207 Idieresis (N/A) Idieresis "u0049_0308" "" "" [char208]
[char208] 208 Eth (N/A) Eth "u00D0" "" "" [char209]
[char209] 209 Ntilde (N/A) Ntilde "u004E_0303" "" "" [char210]
[char210] 210 Ograve (N/A) Ograve "u004F_0300" "" "" [char211]
[char211] 211 Oacute (N/A) Oacute "u004F_0301" "" "" [char212]
[char212] 212 Ocircumflex (N/A) Ocircumflex "u004F_0302" "" "" [char213]
[char213] 213 Otilde (N/A) Otilde "u004F_0303" "" "" [char214]
[char214] 214 Odieresis (N/A) Odieresis "u004F_0308" "" "" [char215]
[char215] 215 multiply (N/A) multiply "u00D7" "" "" [char216]
[char216] 216 Oslash (N/A) Oslash "u00D8" "" "" [char217]
[char217] 217 Ugrave (N/A) Ugrave "u0055_0300" "" "" [char218]
[char218] 218 Uacute (N/A) Uacute "u0055_0301" "" "" [char219]
[char219] 219 Ucircumflex (N/A) Ucircumflex "u0055_0302" "" "" [char220]
[char220] 220 Udieresis (N/A) Udieresis "u0055_0308" "" "" [char221]
[char221] 221 Yacute (N/A) Yacute "u0059_0301" "" "" [char222]
[char222] 222 Thorn (N/A) Thorn "u00DE" "" "" [char223]
[char223] 223 germandbls (N/A) germandbls "u00DF" "" "" [char224]
[char224] 224 agrave (N/A) agrave "u0061_0300" "" "" [char225]
[char225] 225 aacute (N/A) aacute "u0061_0301" "" "" [char226]
[char226] 226 acircumflex (N/A) acircumflex "u0061_0302" "" "" [char227]
[char227] 227 atilde (N/A) atilde "u0061_0303" "" "" [char228]
[char228] 228 adieresis (N/A) adieresis "u0061_0308" "" "" [char229]
[char229] 229 aring (N/A) aring "u0061_030A" "" "" [char230]
[char230] 230 ae (N/A) ae "u00E6" "" "" [char231]
[char231] 231 ccedilla (N/A) ccedilla "u0063_0327" "" "" [char232]
[char232] 232 egrave (N/A) egrave "u0065_0300" "" "" [char233]
[char233] 233 eacute (N/A) eacute "u0065_0301" "" "" [char234]
[char234] 234 ecircumflex (N/A) ecircumflex "u0065_0302" "" "" [char235]
[char235] 235 edieresis (N/A) edieresis "u0065_0308" "" "" [char236]
[char236] 236 igrave (N/A) igrave "u0069_0300" "" "" [char237]
[char237] 237 iacute (N/A) iacute "u0069_0301" "" "" [char238]
[char238] 238 icircumflex (N/A) icircumflex "u0069_0302" "" "" [char239]
[char239] 239 idieresis (N/A) idieresis "u0069_0308" "" "" [char240]
[char240] 240 eth (N/A) eth "u00F0" "" "" [char241]
[char241] 241 ntilde (N/A) ntilde "u006E_0303" "" "" [char242]
[char242] 242 ograve (N/A) ograve "u006F_0300" "" "" [char243]
[char243] 243 oacute (N/A) oacute "u006F_0301" "" "" [char244]
[char244] 244 ocircumflex (N/A) ocircumflex "u006F_0302" "" "" [char245]
[char245] 245 otilde (N/A) otilde "u006F_0303" "" "" [char246]
[char246] 246 odieresis (N/A) odieresis "u006F_0308" "" "" [char247]
[char247] 247 divide (N/A) divide "u00F7" "" "" [char248]
[char248] 248 oslash (N/A) oslash "u00F8" "" "" [char249]
[char249] 249 ugrave (N/A) ugrave "u0075_0300" "" "" [char250]
[char250] 250 uacute (N/A) uacute "u0075_0301" "" "" [char251]
[char251] 251 ucircumflex (N/A) ucircumflex "u0075_0302" "" "" [char252]
[char252] 252 udieresis (N/A) udieresis "u0075_0308" "" "" [char253]
[char253] 253 yacute (N/A) yacute "u0079_0301" "" "" [char254]
[char254] 254 thorn (N/A) thorn "u00FE" "" "" [char
] "255" "255" (N/A) "255" [char "255" "255"
"Named Glyphs"
Glyph names can be embedded into the document text by using escape sequences. groff(7) describes how these escape sequences look. Glyph names can consist of quite arbitrary characters from the ASCII or Latin-1 code set, not only alphanumeric characters. Here some examples: --> |
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| \c | A glyph having the name c, which consists of a single character (length 1). | | \(ch | A glyph having the 2-character name ch. | | \[char_name] | | | A glyph having the name char_name (having length 1, 2, 3, ...). | | \[base_glyph composite_1 composite_2 ...] | | | A composite glyph; see below for a more detailed description. | | In groff, each 8-bit input character can also referred to by the construct ‘\[charn]’ where n is the decimal code of the character, a number between 0 and 255 without leading zeros (those entities are not glyph names). They are normally mapped onto glyphs using the .trin request. Another special convention is the handling of glyphs with names directly derived from a Unicode code point; this is discussed below. Moreover, new glyph names can be created by the .char request; see groff(7). | | In the following, a plus sign in the ‘Notes’ column indicates that this particular glyph name appears in the PS version of the original troff documentation, CSTR 54. | | | "Output" "Input" "" "PostScript" "Unicode" "Notes"
"" "name" "" "name" "decomposed" "" | \(
"" "-D" (N/A) "-D" "Eth" "Eth" \(Sd
"" eth (N/A) eth "u00F0" "" "" \(TP
"" Thorn (N/A) Thorn "u00DE" "" "" \(Tp
"" thorn (N/A) thorn "u00FE" "" "" \(
"" "ss" (N/A) "ss" "germandbls" "germandbls" | | Ligatures and Other Latin Glyphs | \(
"" "ff" (N/A) "ff" "ff" "ff" \(fi
fi "" fi (N/A) fi "u0066_0069" "" "" \(fl
fl "" fl (N/A) fl "u0066_006C" "" "" \(Fi
ffi "" ffi (N/A) ffi "u0066_0066_0069" "" "" \(Fl
ffl "" ffl (N/A) ffl "u0066_0066_006C" "" "" \(/L
"" Lslash (N/A) Lslash "u0141" "" "" \(/l
"" lslash (N/A) lslash "u0142" "" "" \(/O
"" Oslash (N/A) Oslash "u00D8" "" "" \(/o
"" oslash (N/A) oslash "u00F8" "" "" \(AE
"" AE (N/A) AE "u00C6" "" "" \(ae
"" ae (N/A) ae "u00E6" "" "" \(OE
"" OE (N/A) OE "u0152" "" "" \(oe
"" oe (N/A) oe "u0153" "" "" \(IJ
"" IJ (N/A) IJ "u0132" "" "" \(ij
"" ij (N/A) ij "u0133" "" "" \(.i
"" dotlessi (N/A) dotlessi "u0131" "" "" \(
"" ".j" (N/A) ".j" "dotlessj" "dotlessj" | | Accented Characters | \(
"" "’A" (N/A) "’A" "Aacute" "Aacute" \(’C
146;C "" Cacute (N/A) Cacute "u0043_0301" "" "" \(’E
146;E "" Eacute (N/A) Eacute "u0045_0301" "" "" \(’I
146;I "" Iacute (N/A) Iacute "u0049_0301" "" "" \(’O
146;O "" Oacute (N/A) Oacute "u004F_0301" "" "" \(’U
146;U "" Uacute (N/A) Uacute "u0055_0301" "" "" \(’Y
146;Y "" Yacute (N/A) Yacute "u0059_0301" "" "" \(’a
146;a "" aacute (N/A) aacute "u0061_0301" "" "" \(’c
146;c "" cacute (N/A) cacute "u0063_0301" "" "" \(’e
146;e "" eacute (N/A) eacute "u0065_0301" "" "" \(’i
146;i "" iacute (N/A) iacute "u0069_0301" "" "" \(’o
146;o "" oacute (N/A) oacute "u006F_0301" "" "" \(’u
146;u "" uacute (N/A) uacute "u0075_0301" "" "" \(’y
146;y "" yacute (N/A) yacute "u0079_0301" "" "" \(:A
"" Adieresis (N/A) Adieresis "u0041_0308" "" "" \(:E
"" Edieresis (N/A) Edieresis "u0045_0308" "" "" \(:I
"" Idieresis (N/A) Idieresis "u0049_0308" "" "" \(:O
"" Odieresis (N/A) Odieresis "u004F_0308" "" "" \(:U
"" Udieresis (N/A) Udieresis "u0055_0308" "" "" \(:Y
"" Ydieresis (N/A) Ydieresis "u0059_0308" "" "" \(:a
"" adieresis (N/A) adieresis "u0061_0308" "" "" \(:e
"" edieresis (N/A) edieresis "u0065_0308" "" "" \(:i
"" idieresis (N/A) idieresis "u0069_0308" "" "" \(:o
"" odieresis (N/A) odieresis "u006F_0308" "" "" \(:u
"" udieresis (N/A) udieresis "u0075_0308" "" "" \(:y
"" ydieresis (N/A) ydieresis "u0079_0308" "" "" \(^A
"" Acircumflex (N/A) Acircumflex "u0041_0302" "" "" \(^E
"" Ecircumflex (N/A) Ecircumflex "u0045_0302" "" "" \(^I
"" Icircumflex (N/A) Icircumflex "u0049_0302" "" "" \(^O
"" Ocircumflex (N/A) Ocircumflex "u004F_0302" "" "" \(^U
"" Ucircumflex (N/A) Ucircumflex "u0055_0302" "" "" \(^a
"" acircumflex (N/A) acircumflex "u0061_0302" "" "" \(^e
"" ecircumflex (N/A) ecircumflex "u0065_0302" "" "" \(^i
"" icircumflex (N/A) icircumflex "u0069_0302" "" "" \(^o
"" ocircumflex (N/A) ocircumflex "u006F_0302" "" "" \(^u
"" ucircumflex (N/A) ucircumflex "u0075_0302" "" "" \(‘A
145;A "" Agrave (N/A) Agrave "u0041_0300" "" "" \(‘E
145;E "" Egrave (N/A) Egrave "u0045_0300" "" "" \(‘I
145;I "" Igrave (N/A) Igrave "u0049_0300" "" "" \(‘O
145;O "" Ograve (N/A) Ograve "u004F_0300" "" "" \(‘U
145;U "" Ugrave (N/A) Ugrave "u0055_0300" "" "" \(‘a
145;a "" agrave (N/A) agrave "u0061_0300" "" "" \(‘e
145;e "" egrave (N/A) egrave "u0065_0300" "" "" \(‘i
145;i "" igrave (N/A) igrave "u0069_0300" "" "" \(‘o
145;o "" ograve (N/A) ograve "u006F_0300" "" "" \(‘u
145;u "" ugrave (N/A) ugrave "u0075_0300" "" "" \(~A
"" Atilde (N/A) Atilde "u0041_0303" "" "" \(~N
"" Ntilde (N/A) Ntilde "u004E_0303" "" "" \(~O
"" Otilde (N/A) Otilde "u004F_0303" "" "" \(~a
"" atilde (N/A) atilde "u0061_0303" "" "" \(~n
"" ntilde (N/A) ntilde "u006E_0303" "" "" \(~o
"" otilde (N/A) otilde "u006F_0303" "" "" \(vS
"" Scaron (N/A) Scaron "u0053_030C" "" "" \(vs
"" scaron (N/A) scaron "u0073_030C" "" "" \(vZ
"" Zcaron (N/A) Zcaron "u005A_030C" "" "" \(vz
"" zcaron (N/A) zcaron "u007A_030C" "" "" \(,C
"" Ccedilla (N/A) Ccedilla "u0043_0327" "" "" \(,c
"" ccedilla (N/A) ccedilla "u0063_0327" "" "" \(oA
"" Aring (N/A) Aring "u0041_030A" "" "" \(
"" "oa" (N/A) "oa" "aring" "aring" | | Accents | | The composite request is used to map most of the accents to non-spacing glyph names; the values given in parentheses are the original (spacing) ones. | | [acc] c [acc] ´ a | "Output" "Input" "" "PostScript" "Unicode" "Notes"
"" "name" "" "name" "decomposed" "" | \(
"" "a" (N/A) "a" "" "" \(a-
"" macron (N/A) macron "" u0304 u0304 \(a.
"" dotaccent (N/A) dotaccent "" u0307 u0307 \(a^
"" circumflex (N/A) circumflex "" u0302 u0302 \(aa
´ "" acute (N/A) acute "" u0301 u0301 \(ga
` "" grave (N/A) grave "" u0300 u0300 \(ab
"" breve (N/A) breve "" u0306 u0306 \(ac
"" cedilla (N/A) cedilla "" u0327 u0327 \(ad
"" dieresis (N/A) dieresis "" u0308 u0308 \(ah
"" caron (N/A) caron "" u030C u030C \(ao
"" ring (N/A) ring "" u030A u030A \(a~
"" tilde (N/A) tilde "" u0303 u0303 \(ho
"" ogonek (N/A) ogonek "" u0328 u0328 \(ha
"" asciicircum (N/A) asciicircum "u005E" "" "" \(
"" "ti" (N/A) "ti" "asciitilde" "asciitilde" | | Quotes | \(
"" "Bq" (N/A) "Bq" "quotedblbase" "quotedblbase" \(bq
"" quotesinglbase (N/A) quotesinglbase "u201A" "" "" \(lq
"" quotedblleft (N/A) quotedblleft "u201C" "" "" \(rq
"" quotedblright (N/A) quotedblright "u201D" "" "" \(oq
"" quoteleft (N/A) quoteleft "u2018" "" "" \(cq
"" quoteright (N/A) quoteright "u2019" "" "" \(aq
"" quotesingle (N/A) quotesingle "u0027" "" "" \(dq
"" quotedbl (N/A) quotedbl "u0022" "" "" \(Fo
"" guillemotleft (N/A) guillemotleft "u00AB" "" "" \(Fc
"" guillemotright (N/A) guillemotright "u00BB" "" "" \(fo
"" guilsinglleft (N/A) guilsinglleft "u2039" "" "" \(
"" "fc" (N/A) "fc" "guilsinglright" "guilsinglright" | | Punctuation | \(
"" "r!" (N/A) "r!" "exclamdown" "exclamdown" \(r?
"" questiondown (N/A) questiondown "u00BF" "" "" \(em
— "" emdash (N/A) emdash "u2014" "" "" \(en
- "" endash (N/A) endash "u2013" "" "" \(
"" "hy" (N/A) "hy" "hyphen" "hyphen" | | Brackets | | The extensible bracket pieces are font-invariant glyphs. In classical troff only one glyph was available to vertically extend brackets, braces, and parentheses: ‘bv’. We map it rather arbitrarily to u23AA. | | Note that not all devices contain extensible bracket pieces which can be piled up with ‘\b’ due to the restrictions of the escape’s piling algorithm. A general solution to build brackets out of pieces is the following macro: |
|
| |
.\" Make a pile centered vertically 0.5em
.\" above the baseline.
.\" The first argument is placed at the top.
.\" The pile is returned in string ‘pile’
.eo
.de pile-make
. nr pile-wd 0
. nr pile-ht 0
. ds pile-args
.
. nr pile-# \n[.$]
. while \n[pile-#] \{\
. nr pile-wd (\n[pile-wd] >? \w’\$[\n[pile-#]]’)
. nr pile-ht +(\n[rst] - \n[rsb])
. as pile-args \v’\n[rsb]u’\"
. as pile-args \Z’\$[\n[pile-#]]’\"
. as pile-args \v’-\n[rst]u’\"
. nr pile-# -1
. \}
.
. ds pile \v’(-0.5m + (\n[pile-ht]u / 2u))’\"
. as pile \*[pile-args]\"
. as pile \v’((\n[pile-ht]u / 2u) + 0.5m)’\"
. as pile \h’\n[pile-wd]u’\"
..
.ec
| |
Another complication is the fact that some glyphs which represent bracket pieces in original troff can be used for other mathematical symbols also, for example ‘lf’ and ‘rf’ which provide the ‘floor’ operator. Other devices (most notably for DVI output) don’t unify such glyphs. For this reason, the four glyphs ‘lf’, ‘rf’, ‘lc’, and ‘rc’ are not unified with similarly looking bracket pieces. In groff, only glyphs with long names are guaranteed to pile up correctly for all devices (provided those glyphs exist). "Output" "Input" "" "PostScript" "Unicode" "Notes"
"" "name" "" "name" "decomposed" "" \(
"" "lB" (N/A) "lB" "bracketleft" "bracketleft" \(rB
"" bracketright (N/A) bracketright "u005D" "" "" \(lC
"" braceleft (N/A) braceleft "u007B" "" "" \(rC
"" braceright (N/A) braceright "u007D" "" "" \(la
"" angleleft (N/A) angleleft "u27E8" "" "" \(ra
"" angleright (N/A) angleright "u27E9" "" "" \(bv
| "" braceex (N/A) braceex "u23AA" "" "" \[braceex]
[braceex] "" braceex (N/A) braceex "u23AA" "" "" \[bracketlefttp]
[bracketlefttp] "" bracketlefttp (N/A) bracketlefttp "u23A1" "" "" \[bracketleftbt]
[bracketleftbt] "" bracketleftbt (N/A) bracketleftbt "u23A3" "" "" \[bracketleftex]
[bracketleftex] "" bracketleftex (N/A) bracketleftex "u23A2" "" "" \[bracketrighttp]
[bracketrighttp] "" bracketrighttp (N/A) bracketrighttp "u23A4" "" "" \[bracketrightbt]
[bracketrightbt] "" bracketrightbt (N/A) bracketrightbt "u23A6" "" "" \[bracketrightex]
[bracketrightex] "" bracketrightex (N/A) bracketrightex "u23A5" "" "" \(lt
( "" bracelefttp (N/A) bracelefttp "u23A7" "" "" \[bracelefttp]
[bracelefttp] "" bracelefttp (N/A) bracelefttp "u23A7" "" "" \(lk
| "" braceleftmid (N/A) braceleftmid "u23A8" "" "" \[braceleftmid]
[braceleftmid] "" braceleftmid (N/A) braceleftmid "u23A8" "" "" \(lb
( "" braceleftbt (N/A) braceleftbt "u23A9" "" "" \[braceleftbt]
[braceleftbt] "" braceleftbt (N/A) braceleftbt "u23A9" "" "" \[braceleftex]
[braceleftex] "" braceleftex (N/A) braceleftex "u23AA" "" "" \(rt
) "" bracerighttp (N/A) bracerighttp "u23AB" "" "" \[bracerighttp]
[bracerighttp] "" bracerighttp (N/A) bracerighttp "u23AB" "" "" \(rk
| "" bracerightmid (N/A) bracerightmid "u23AC" "" "" \[bracerightmid]
[bracerightmid] "" bracerightmid (N/A) bracerightmid "u23AC" "" "" \(rb
) "" bracerightbt (N/A) bracerightbt "u23AD" "" "" \[bracerightbt]
[bracerightbt] "" bracerightbt (N/A) bracerightbt "u23AD" "" "" \[bracerightex]
[bracerightex] "" bracerightex (N/A) bracerightex "u23AA" "" "" \[parenlefttp]
[parenlefttp] "" parenlefttp (N/A) parenlefttp "u239B" "" "" \[parenleftbt]
[parenleftbt] "" parenleftbt (N/A) parenleftbt "u239D" "" "" \[parenleftex]
[parenleftex] "" parenleftex (N/A) parenleftex "u239C" "" "" \[parenrighttp]
[parenrighttp] "" parenrighttp (N/A) parenrighttp "u239E" "" "" \[parenrightbt]
[parenrightbt] "" parenrightbt (N/A) parenrightbt "u23A0" "" "" \[
] "parenrightex" "" (N/A) "" [ "parenrightex" "parenrightex" Arrows \(
"" "<-" (N/A) "<-" "arrowleft" "arrowleft" \(->
gt; "" arrowright (N/A) arrowright "u2192" "" "" \(<>
t;> "" arrowboth (N/A) arrowboth "u2194" "" "" \(da
v "" arrowdown (N/A) arrowdown "u2193" "" "" \(ua
^ "" arrowup (N/A) arrowup "u2191" "" "" \(va
"" arrowupdn (N/A) arrowupdn "u2195" "" "" \(lA
"" arrowdblleft (N/A) arrowdblleft "u21D0" "" "" \(rA
"" arrowdblright (N/A) arrowdblright "u21D2" "" "" \(hA
"" arrowdblboth (N/A) arrowdblboth "u21D4" "" "" \(dA
"" arrowdbldown (N/A) arrowdbldown "u21D3" "" "" \(uA
"" arrowdblup (N/A) arrowdblup "u21D1" "" "" \(vA
"" uni21D5 (N/A) uni21D5 "u21D5" "" "" \(
"" "an" (N/A) "an" "arrowhorizex" "arrowhorizex" Lines The font-invariant glyphs ‘br’, ‘ul’, and ‘rn’ form corners; they can be used to build boxes. Note that both the PostScript and the Unicode-derived names of these three glyphs are just rough approximations. ‘rn’ also serves in classical troff as the horizontal extension of the square root sign. ‘ru’ is a font-invariant glyph, namely a rule of length 0.5m. "Output" "Input" "" "PostScript" "Unicode" "Notes"
"" "name" "" "name" "decomposed" "" \(
"" "ba" (N/A) "ba" "bar" "bar" \(br
| "" SF110000 (N/A) SF110000 "u2502" "" "" \(ul
_ "" underscore (N/A) underscore "u005F" "" "" \(rn
– "" overline (N/A) overline "u203E" "" "" \(ru
_ "" --- (N/A) --- "---" "" "" \(bb
"" brokenbar (N/A) brokenbar "u00A6" "" "" \(sl
/ "" slash (N/A) slash "u002F" "" "" \(
"" "rs" (N/A) "rs" "backslash" "backslash" Text markers \(
"" "ci" (N/A) "ci" "circle" "circle" \(bu
o "" bullet (N/A) bullet "u2022" "" "" \(dd
‡ "" daggerdbl (N/A) daggerdbl "u2021" "" "" \(dg
† "" dagger (N/A) dagger "u2020" "" "" \(lz
"" lozenge (N/A) lozenge "u25CA" "" "" \(sq
[] "" uni25A1 (N/A) uni25A1 "u25A1" "" "" \(ps
"" paragraph (N/A) paragraph "u00B6" "" "" \(sc
§ "" section (N/A) section "u00A7" "" "" \(lh
<= "" uni261C (N/A) uni261C "u261C" "" "" \(rh
=> "" a14 (N/A) a14 "u261E" "" "" \(at
"" at (N/A) at "u0040" "" "" \(sh
"" numbersign (N/A) numbersign "u0023" "" "" \(CR
"" carriagereturn (N/A) carriagereturn "u21B5" "" "" \(
"" "OK" (N/A) "OK" "a19" "a19" Legalize \(
"" "co" (N/A) "co" "copyright" "copyright" \(rg
® "" registered (N/A) registered "u00AE" "" "" \(tm
® "" trademark (N/A) trademark "u2122" "" "" \(
"" "bs" (N/A) "bs" "---" "---" Currency symbols \(
"" "Do" (N/A) "Do" "dollar" "dollar" \(ct
¢ "" cent (N/A) cent "u00A2" "" "" \(eu
"" --- (N/A) --- "u20AC" "" "" \(Eu
"" Euro (N/A) Euro "u20AC" "" "" \(Ye
"" yen (N/A) yen "u00A5" "" "" \(Po
"" sterling (N/A) sterling "u00A3" "" "" \(Cs
"" currency (N/A) currency "u00A4" "" "" \(
"" "Fn" (N/A) "Fn" "florin" "florin" Units \(
"" "de" (N/A) "de" "degree" "degree" \(%0
"" perthousand (N/A) perthousand "u2030" "" "" \(fm
' "" minute (N/A) minute "u2032" "" "" \(sd
"" second (N/A) second "u2033" "" "" \(mc
"" mu (N/A) mu "u00B5" "" "" \(Of
"" ordfeminine (N/A) ordfeminine "u00AA" "" "" \(
"" "Om" (N/A) "Om" "ordmasculine" "ordmasculine" Logical Symbols \(
"" "AN" (N/A) "AN" "logicaland" "logicaland" \(OR
"" logicalor (N/A) logicalor "u2228" "" "" \(no
¬ "" logicalnot (N/A) logicalnot "u00AC" "" "" \[tno]
[tno] "" logicalnot (N/A) logicalnot "u00AC" "" "" \(te
"" existential (N/A) existential "u2203" "" "" \(fa
"" universal (N/A) universal "u2200" "" "" \(st
"" suchthat (N/A) suchthat "u220B" "" "" \(3d
"" therefore (N/A) therefore "u2234" "" "" \(tf
"" therefore (N/A) therefore "u2234" "" "" \(
"" "or" (N/A) "or" "bar" "bar" Mathematical Symbols \(
"" "12" (N/A) "12" "onehalf" "onehalf" \(14
¼ "" onequarter (N/A) onequarter "u00BC" "" "" \(34
¾ "" threequarters (N/A) threequarters "u00BE" "" "" \(18
"" oneeighth (N/A) oneeighth "u215B" "" "" \(38
"" threeeighths (N/A) threeeighths "u215C" "" "" \(58
"" fiveeighths (N/A) fiveeighths "u215D" "" "" \(78
"" seveneighths (N/A) seveneighths "u215E" "" "" \(S1
"" onesuperior (N/A) onesuperior "u00B9" "" "" \(S2
"" twosuperior (N/A) twosuperior "u00B2" "" "" \(S3
"" threesuperior (N/A) threesuperior "u00B3" "" "" \(pl
+ "" plus (N/A) plus "u002B" "" "" \(mi
- "" minus (N/A) minus "u2212" "" "" \(-+
"" uni2213 (N/A) uni2213 "u2213" "" "" \(+-
± "" plusminus (N/A) plusminus "u00B1" "" "" \[t+-]
[t+-] "" plusminus (N/A) plusminus "u00B1" "" "" \(pc
"" periodcentered (N/A) periodcentered "u00B7" "" "" \(md
"" dotmath (N/A) dotmath "u22C5" "" "" \(mu
× "" multiply (N/A) multiply "u00D7" "" "" \[tmu]
[tmu] "" multiply (N/A) multiply "u00D7" "" "" \(c*
"" circlemultiply (N/A) circlemultiply "u2297" "" "" \(c+
"" circleplus (N/A) circleplus "u2295" "" "" \(di
÷ "" divide (N/A) divide "u00F7" "" "" \[tdi]
[tdi] "" divide (N/A) divide "u00F7" "" "" \(f/
"" fraction (N/A) fraction "u2044" "" "" \(**
* "" asteriskmath (N/A) asteriskmath "u2217" "" "" \(<=
t;= "" lessequal (N/A) lessequal "u2264" "" "" \(>=
t;= "" greaterequal (N/A) greaterequal "u2265" "" "" \(<<
t;< "" uni226A (N/A) uni226A "u226A" "" "" \(>>
t;> "" uni226B (N/A) uni226B "u226B" "" "" \(eq
= "" equal (N/A) equal "u003D" "" "" \(!=
!= "" notequal (N/A) notequal "u003D_0338" "" "" \(==
== "" equivalence (N/A) equivalence "u2261" "" "" \(ne
"" uni2262 (N/A) uni2262 "u2261_0338" "" "" \(=~
"" congruent (N/A) congruent "u2245" "" "" \(|=
"" uni2243 (N/A) uni2243 "u2243" "" "" \(ap
~ "" similar (N/A) similar "u223C" "" "" \(~~
"" approxequal (N/A) approxequal "u2248" "" "" \(~=
~= "" approxequal (N/A) approxequal "u2248" "" "" \(pt
~ "" proportional (N/A) proportional "u221D" "" "" \(es
Ø "" emptyset (N/A) emptyset "u2205" "" "" \(mo
e "" element (N/A) element "u2208" "" "" \(nm
"" notelement (N/A) notelement "u2208_0338" "" "" \(sb
( "" propersubset (N/A) propersubset "u2282" "" "" \(nb
"" notsubset (N/A) notsubset "u2282_0338" "" "" \(sp
) "" propersuperset (N/A) propersuperset "u2283" "" "" \(nc
"" uni2285 (N/A) uni2285 "u2283_0338" "" "" \(ib
(= "" reflexsubset (N/A) reflexsubset "u2286" "" "" \(ip
=) "" reflexsuperset (N/A) reflexsuperset "u2287" "" "" \(ca
^ "" intersection (N/A) intersection "u2229" "" "" \(cu
U "" union (N/A) union "u222A" "" "" \(/_
"" angle (N/A) angle "u2220" "" "" \(pp
"" perpendicular (N/A) perpendicular "u22A5" "" "" \(is
I "" integral (N/A) integral "u222B" "" "" \[integral]
[integral] "" integral (N/A) integral "u222B" "" "" \[sum]
[sum] "" summation (N/A) summation "u2211" "" "" \[product]
[product] "" product (N/A) product "u220F" "" "" \(gr
V "" gradient (N/A) gradient "u2207" "" "" \(sr
v/ "" radical (N/A) radical "u221A" "" "" \[sqrt]
[sqrt] "" radical (N/A) radical "u221A" "" "" \[radicalex]
[radicalex] "" radicalex (N/A) radicalex "---" "" "" \[sqrtex]
[sqrtex] "" radicalex (N/A) radicalex "---" "" "" \(lc
| "" uni2308 (N/A) uni2308 "u2308" "" "" \(rc
| "" uni2309 (N/A) uni2309 "u2309" "" "" \(lf
| "" uni230A (N/A) uni230A "u230A" "" "" \(rf
| "" uni230B (N/A) uni230B "u230B" "" "" \(if
oo "" infinity (N/A) infinity "u221E" "" "" \(Ah
"" aleph (N/A) aleph "u2135" "" "" \(Im
"" Ifraktur (N/A) Ifraktur "u2111" "" "" \(Re
"" Rfraktur (N/A) Rfraktur "u211C" "" "" \(wp
"" weierstrass (N/A) weierstrass "u2118" "" "" \(pd
6 "" partialdiff (N/A) partialdiff "u2202" "" "" \(-h
"" uni210F (N/A) uni210F "u210F" "" "" \(
"" "hbar" (N/A) "hbar" "uni210F" "uni210F" Greek characters These glyphs are intended for technical use, not for real Greek; normally, the uppercase letters have upright shape, and the lowercase ones are slanted. There is a problem with the mapping of letter phi to Unicode. Prior to Unicode version 3.0, the difference between U+03C6, GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI, and U+03D5, GREEK PHI SYMBOL, was not clearly described; only the glyph shapes in the Unicode book could be used as a reference. Starting with Unicode 3.0, the reference glyphs have been exchanged and described verbally also: In mathematical context, U+03D5 is the stroked variant and U+03C5 the curly glyph. Unfortunately, most font vendors didn’t update their fonts to this (incompatible) change in Unicode. At the time of this writing (February 2003), it is not clear yet whether the Adobe Glyph Names ‘phi’ and ‘phi1’ also change its meaning if used for mathematics, thus compatibility problems are likely to happen - being conservative, groff currently assumes that ‘phi’ in a PostScript symbol font is the stroked version. In groff, symbol ‘\[*f]’ always denotes the stroked version of phi, and ‘\[+f]’ the curly variant. \(
"" "*A" (N/A) "*A" "Alpha" "Alpha" \(*B
B "" Beta (N/A) Beta "u0392" "" "" \(*G
|_ "" Gamma (N/A) Gamma "u0393" "" "" \(*D
/\ "" Delta (N/A) Delta "u0394" "" "" \(*E
E "" Epsilon (N/A) Epsilon "u0395" "" "" \(*Z
Z "" Zeta (N/A) Zeta "u0396" "" "" \(*Y
H "" Eta (N/A) Eta "u0397" "" "" \(*H
TH "" Theta (N/A) Theta "u0398" "" "" \(*I
I "" Iota (N/A) Iota "u0399" "" "" \(*K
K "" Kappa (N/A) Kappa "u039A" "" "" \(*L
L "" Lambda (N/A) Lambda "u039B" "" "" \(*M
M "" Mu (N/A) Mu "u039C" "" "" \(*N
N "" Nu (N/A) Nu "u039D" "" "" \(*C
Z "" Xi (N/A) Xi "u039E" "" "" \(*O
O "" Omicron (N/A) Omicron "u039F" "" "" \(*P
|| "" Pi (N/A) Pi "u03A0" "" "" \(*R
P "" Rho (N/A) Rho "u03A1" "" "" \(*S
S "" Sigma (N/A) Sigma "u03A3" "" "" \(*T
T "" Tau (N/A) Tau "u03A4" "" "" \(*U
Y "" Upsilon (N/A) Upsilon "u03A5" "" "" \(*F
PH "" Phi (N/A) Phi "u03A6" "" "" \(*X
X "" Chi (N/A) Chi "u03A7" "" "" \(*Q
PS "" Psi (N/A) Psi "u03A8" "" "" \(*W
O "" Omega (N/A) Omega "u03A9" "" "" \(*a
a "" alpha (N/A) alpha "u03B1" "" "" \(*b
ß "" beta (N/A) beta "u03B2" "" "" \(*g
y "" gamma (N/A) gamma "u03B3" "" "" \(*d
d "" delta (N/A) delta "u03B4" "" "" \(*e
e "" epsilon (N/A) epsilon "u03B5" "" "" \(*z
z "" zeta (N/A) zeta "u03B6" "" "" \(*y
n "" eta (N/A) eta "u03B7" "" "" \(*h
th "" theta (N/A) theta "u03B8" "" "" \(*i
i "" iota (N/A) iota "u03B9" "" "" \(*k
k "" kappa (N/A) kappa "u03BA" "" "" \(*l
l "" lambda (N/A) lambda "u03BB" "" "" \(*m
µ "" mu (N/A) mu "u03BC" "" "" \(*n
v "" nu (N/A) nu "u03BD" "" "" \(*c
3 "" xi (N/A) xi "u03BE" "" "" \(*o
o "" omicron (N/A) omicron "u03BF" "" "" \(*p
pi "" pi (N/A) pi "u03C0" "" "" \(*r
p "" rho (N/A) rho "u03C1" "" "" \(ts
s "" sigma1 (N/A) sigma1 "u03C2" "" "" \(*s
s "" sigma (N/A) sigma "u03C3" "" "" \(*t
t "" tau (N/A) tau "u03C4" "" "" \(*u
u "" upsilon (N/A) upsilon "u03C5" "" "" \(*f
ph "" phi (N/A) phi "u03D5" "" "" \(*x
x "" chi (N/A) chi "u03C7" "" "" \(*q
ps "" psi (N/A) psi "u03C8" "" "" \(*w
o "" omega (N/A) omega "u03C9" "" "" \(+h
"" theta1 (N/A) theta1 "u03D1" "" "" \(+f
"" phi1 (N/A) phi1 "u03C6" "" "" \(+p
"" omega1 (N/A) omega1 "u03D6" "" "" \(
"" "+e" (N/A) "+e" "uni03F5" "uni03F5" Card symbols \(
"" "CL" (N/A) "CL" "club" "club" \(SP
"" spade (N/A) spade "u2660" "" "" \(HE
"" heart (N/A) heart "u2665" "" "" \(u2662
662 "" uni2662 (N/A) uni2662 "u2662" "" "" \(DI
"" diamond (N/A) diamond "u2666" "" "" \(
"" "u2661" (N/A) "u2661" "uni2661" "uni2661"
"AUTHOR"
Copyright © 1989-2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This document is distributed under the terms of the FDL (GNU Free Documentation License) version 1.1 or later. You should have received a copy of the FDL on your system, it is also available on-line at the GNU copyleft site <http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/fdl.html>. This document is part of groff, the GNU roff distribution. It was written by James Clark <jjc@jclark.com> with additions by Werner Lemberg <wl@gnu.org> and Bernd Warken <bwarken@mayn.de>.
"SEE ALSO"
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