:man| Alphabetical   Categories   About us 
 
RANDOM (3) | C library functions | Unix Manual Pages | :man

NAME

random, srandom, srandomdev, initstate, setstate - better random number generator; routines for changing generators

CONTENTS

Library
Synopsis
Description
Diagnostics
See Also
History
Authors
Bugs

LIBRARY


.Lb libc

SYNOPSIS


.In stdlib.h long random void void srandom "unsigned long seed" void srandomdev void char * initstate "unsigned long seed" "char *state" "long n" char * setstate "char *state"

DESCRIPTION

The random function uses a non-linear additive feedback random number generator employing a default table of size 31 long integers to return successive pseudo-random numbers in the range from 0 to 2310-1. The period of this random number generator is very large, approximately 16×(2310-1).

The random and srandom functions have (almost) the same calling sequence and initialization properties as the rand(3) and srand(3) functions. The difference is that rand(3) produces a much less random sequence — in fact, the low dozen bits generated by rand go through a cyclic pattern. All the bits generated by random are usable. For example, 'random()&01' will produce a random binary value.

Like rand(3), random will by default produce a sequence of numbers that can be duplicated by calling srandom with ‘1’ as the seed.

The srandomdev routine initializes a state array using the random(4) random number device which returns good random numbers, suitable for cryptographic use. Note that this particular seeding procedure can generate states which are impossible to reproduce by calling srandom with any value, since the succeeding terms in the state buffer are no longer derived from the LC algorithm applied to a fixed seed.

The initstate routine allows a state array, passed in as an argument, to be initialized for future use. The size of the state array (in bytes) is used by initstate to decide how sophisticated a random number generator it should use — the more state, the better the random numbers will be. (Current "optimal" values for the amount of state information are 8, 32, 64, 128, and 256 bytes; other amounts will be rounded down to the nearest known amount. Using less than 8 bytes will cause an error.) The seed for the initialization (which specifies a starting point for the random number sequence, and provides for restarting at the same point) is also an argument. The initstate function returns a pointer to the previous state information array.

Once a state has been initialized, the setstate routine provides for rapid switching between states. The setstate function returns a pointer to the previous state array; its argument state array is used for further random number generation until the next call to initstate or setstate.

Once a state array has been initialized, it may be restarted at a different point either by calling initstate (with the desired seed, the state array, and its size) or by calling both setstate (with the state array) and srandom (with the desired seed). The advantage of calling both setstate and srandom is that the size of the state array does not have to be remembered after it is initialized.

With 256 bytes of state information, the period of the random number generator is greater than 2690, which should be sufficient for most purposes.

DIAGNOSTICS

If initstate is called with less than 8 bytes of state information, or if setstate detects that the state information has been garbled, error messages are printed on the standard error output.

SEE ALSO

arc4random(3), rand(3), srand(3), random(4)

HISTORY

AUTHORS

BUGS

rand(3). arc4random(3).

 
Created by Blin Media, 2008-2013